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The Greenest Codec: LCEVC

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OLinkedIn上最近最吸引人的话题之一是视频压缩技术“走向绿色”的必要性.“这是我们流媒体视频领域的所有人都应该思考的问题.

The thread was started by David Ronca, 现任Meta视频编码总监,曾任Netflix编码技术总监. On Dec. 8, he posted, "Based on current trends, global data centers will consume > 20% of global power in 2025 (from ~3% in 2020). 这一增长的主要驱动力是视频处理和视频理解. ... 我们不需要新一代的编码器来增加全球计算(和污染)的数量级. We need codecs that solve the pollution problem."

对这一问题的反应和建议的解决办法既多样又复杂. Fabio Sonnati,媒体架构师,编码和流媒体专家 NTT Data, advocated that we still need more advanced codecs, stating, "Long term I suppose yes, medium short not so sure. Apart from 8K, if AR/VR will take off, 其他数据压缩问题将取代视频,可持续性的挑战将继续存在.Ronca反驳道,“管道继续以每年50%的速度扩张。. 如果您有100Mbps,那么将视频比特率从3降低有多大价值.5Mbps to 2.7Mbps?"

Alex Liu, COO of NETINT Technologies, 提出了“解决这个矛盾的一种方法是使用领域特定架构的ASIC来提高计算效率”. Compared to software, ... the dedicated ASIC (VPU, or VCU), the efficiency can improve 10x–100x, depending on which codec they are using.Ronca承认“asic绝对可以扭转这一趋势。,但他指出,“新编解码器的ASIC部署将落后于软件几年。."

Mark Donnigan, 营销顾问和前Beamr营销副总裁, posited that content-adaptive encoding (CAE, (或按标题编码)技术是部分解决方案, 指出“有一些‘CAE’方法可以将比特率平均降低30%, with only a 20% hit to compute, 与从传统标准切换到下一代标准时计算需求增加1000%相反, VVC, or otherwise."

其他受访者想知道,传输低比特率视频所节省的电力是否抵消了额外的编码成本. 阿尔贝托·德·卢卡,Discovery公司的分销工程师., said, "[W]hen upgrading from H264 to H265, for the same video quality, we are reducing the bit­rate. So less data transmitted, hence less power consumption — on the overall, 我认为在h265中使用10mbps的编码器仍然比在H264中通过WAN使用25Mbps的编码器更“环保”."

在一份冗长而复杂的回复中,Ronca说:“在5-10年内,1Gbps的带宽将成为常态. At the theoretical transmission limit, 它将需要多达400M的视频观看来证明从x264到vvenc的100倍计算是合理的.“解决这个特殊问题远远超出了我的技术能力, but it’s an interesting argument. 我们还需要建造多少基站或电缆终端(和电力)
deliver 8K video at 200Mbps rather than 40Mbps?

展望未来,该公司市场和销售总监让-巴蒂斯特•洛伦特(Jean-Baptiste Lorent)表示 IntoPIX, recommended, [C]当你创建一个新标准时,(硬件和软件的)复杂性需求应该成为需求和验收标准的一部分.这当然没错,但这不是低复杂度增强视频编解码器(LCEVC)的目标吗?? An approved standard for many months, LCEVC has clearly met its efficiency goals, 但在Facebook等公司中应用有限, where the power savings could really matter.

What does it mean for you? 就像回收瓶子和报纸一样,Ronca提出的问题应该被我们所有人考虑. Think green when planning your encoding strategy. Prioritize per-title over implementing a new codec. 考虑基于asic的硬件编码而不是软件编码. And as an industry, 关于下一代编解码器消耗的功率和低带宽传输节省的功率之间的收支平衡,让我们得到一个明确的答案.

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